马来西亚槟榔屿的拿督公崇拜

陈耀威

摘要：拿督公源自马来世界的“科拉迈”(Keramat或Dato Keramat)崇拜,槟城古老的科拉迈可溯自18、19世纪,一些科拉迈还受马来人、印度人、华人膜拜。华化的拿督公崇拜从碑铭可知早在清朝光绪初年就出现了。槟城华人对拿督公的崇信不亚于大伯公,住宅、街巷、山林海边处处可见拿督公神龛。拿督公非只一尊,在槟城有名号可辨的至少有27位,其中5位是华人拿督公。拿督公很合群,往往数位一龛,而最常见的范式就是拿督七兄弟。本文主要以田野调查的方式分析槟岛拿督公的分布,兼探讨拿督公在槟岛被华化的程度和发展。

关键词：槟岛;科拉迈;拿督公;七兄弟;华人拿督

The Worshiping of Natuk Kong in Penang Island, Malaysia

〔Malaysia〕 Tan Yeow Wooi

Abstract: Natuk Kong originated from the “ Keramat, Dato Keramat” worship in the Malay world. The ancient Keramat in Penang can be traced back to the 18th and 19th centuries. Some of them are worshipped by the Malay, Indian and Chinese. From the inscription, the Chinese Natuk Kong worship appeared as early as the early years of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. The Chinese people in Penang have no less respect for Datuk Gong than Da Bo Kong / Tua Pek Kong. Natuk’s shrines can be seen everywhere in residences, streets, mountains, forests and seasides. There is not only one Natuk Kong. There are at least 27 recognizable names in Penang, and 5 of them are Chinese Natuk Kong. Natuk Kong are very gregarious and several Natuk can be found in a single niches. The most common group is the Dato’s Seven Brothers. This article mainly uses fieldwork to find out the “identity” and distribution of Natuk Kong on Penang Island, and discusses the degree and development of the “Sinicization ” of Natuk Kong belief on Penang Island.

Keywords: Penang Island; Keramat; Natuk Kong; Seven Brothers; Chinese Natuk