无谓失败，只看西东

--评胡安·希尔《马尼拉的华人(16-17世纪)》

于施洋

摘要：国内菲律宾研究一向重视华侨华人问题，但多用地方志、族谱、墓碑等材料，或借重20世纪初以来的英文译著，较少接触西班牙文的资料，希尔教授的资料汇编《马尼拉的华人(16-17世纪)》上下卷，即可改善此情况。该书细致整合西班牙多处档案馆、图书馆资料，呈现西班牙人在菲律宾建立殖民统治后，与华人相关的贸易财税、行政司法制度，还原殖民者在长期共存和暴力事件中记录的华人，注重过程性，带来当时华人群体内外部交往的许多细节，同时提供比较的视角，可为国内研究的“冲突范式”提供新的方向。作为一部在西班牙历史和史学方面均有新意的作品，其价值不仅是作出了殖民者“三重失败”的判断，更为华人在西方殖民地最初大规模的聚居提供制度化和文化接触的样本。

关键词：《马尼拉的华人》 西班牙视角 拉丁语文学家

Despite the Multiple Failures, Only the Confluence of East and West Matters, Review Work: Sangleys, Manila's Chinese Residents(16th-17th Centuries) by Juan Gil

Yu Shiyang

Abstract: Filipino studies in China have always focused on the Chinese diaspora in these islands, but have mostly used fragmentary materials such as local chronicles, genealogies and tombstones, or have drawn on English-language compilations from the early twentieth century onwards, with little access to the original Spanish language. This book by professor Juan Gil meticulously integrates documents from various Spanish archives and libraries to present the trade and taxation，administrative and judicial systems related to the Chinese after the establishment of Spanish rule in Manila, and to restore the Chinese as recorded by the colonialists during the long period of coexistence and incidents of violence. The book focuses on processual information，bringing out many details of the interactions of the Chinese in and out of their community, while providing a comparative perspective that may offer new directions for the “conflict paradigm” of this study in China；as a Latinist work that is innovative to both Spanish history and historiography, the value of this compilation is not yet in the judgment of a “multiple failures” of the colonizers, but in providing a sample of institutionalization and cultural encounters with the initial mass settlement of the Chinese in a Western colony.

Keywords: Manila's Chinese Residents; Spanish Perspective; Latinist Compilations