早期闽南华商的发展与特色——清朝台湾商业组织“行郊”

吴秉勋

摘要：“行郊”一词在明清时期的民间商业组织中一般被称为“行会”，当时只有闽南一带的商人把设置在台湾地区的“行会”称为“行郊”或简称“郊”。这个名词仅见于福建闽南地区，是指闽台地区的航运商人团体，是当时闽台贸易的一种独特形式。这个早期的闽南华商组织，其成员由往返于两岸之间的大陆商人以及台湾本岛商人组成，主要工作是批发、协调与处理进出口货物的业务。其作为类似于“同业公会”性质的民间组织，在经济和社会领域具有威望之后，也愿意参与、支持或协助地方公共事务，甚至肩负起维护治安、保卫乡土的责任。虽然“行郊”最后因时空环境和社会背景变换而没落，但其见证了海峡两岸密切交流的荣景，是闽台地区在历史和文化发展中的一大特色。

关键词：闽南 华商 海洋文化 行郊

The Historical Narrative Theory of Cross - Straits in the View of Marine Culture of Southern Fujian: Take Taiwan's Business Organization of "Hang Jiao" in the Qing Dynasty as an Example

Wu Bingxun

Abstract: "Hang Jiao" is generally known as "Guild" in the Civil business organizations in the Ming and Qing dynasty . At that time, only merchants in southern Fujian called "Guild" which was set up in Taiwan "Hang Jiao" or"Jiao" for short. This term is only used in the south of Fujian province, and it means the shipping merchants association active in Fujian and Taiwan, which was a special for of the trade between the two regions. The members of this association were mainland businessmen and Taiwan businessmen who went back and forth cross the Strait. Their main work was to wholesale, coordinate and handle the business of cargoes imported and exported. However, this civil organization with the nature of "Trade Association" was also willing to participate in, support or assist in the local public affairs, even to shoulder the responsibility of maintaining public security and defending their home village after they had economic and social prestige. Although "Hang Jiao" eventually declined due to the change of space-time environment and social background, it witnessed the glorious spectacle of close communication of cross-straits, and has become a major feature in historical and cultural development of Fujian and Taiwan.

Keywords: Southern Fujian; Overseas Chinese Businessman; Marine Gulture; Hang Jiao