槟城浮罗山背与客家：客家认同与旅游发展之间

〔马来西亚〕杜忠全

摘要：浮罗山背是槟岛客家居民最集中的区域，但在20世纪90年代之前，这个“众所周知”的事实，并未让该地成为客家文化与风情的展示拼窗。21世纪初以来，与地方的发展几乎同步的是，当地的客家元素被关注,从而涌现了不少以客家文化为招牌的旅游卖点与商机。本文拟针对特定的当地原居民进行口述访谈，并结合书面文献与近期当地领袖具体推动的概念，以当地直观的视角来展现近20年来该地区客家生态的变化，并反思这一发展趋势对当地原生态的利用与反馈，以及究竟形成何种层面的影响。

关键词：槟城 浮罗山背 客家元素 原生态 旅游

Penang Balik Pulau as a Hakka Village: Between the Hakka ldentity and Tourism Development

Toh Teong Chuan

Abstract: Balik Pulau is the most concentrated area of Hakka people in Penang. This is a well-known fact. Before 1990s, Balik Pulau did not play a role as showcase for Hakka culture and customs. Beginning of 2lst century, the local Hakka elements have been noticed and highlighted. Hakka elements become the commodity to attract the tourists, By conducting oral interviews with local people and refer to writing materials, the paper attempts to examine the transformation of Hakka ecology within 20 years. Besides, the research also reconsiders the impact of such development.

Keywords: Penang; Balik Pulau; Hakka Element; Original Ecology ; Tourism